Please write a paragraph responding to the discussion bellow. Add citations and references in alphabetical order.

The CMS reimbursement rules for never events was first introduced in 2001 by Ken Kizer, MD. Since then the list has been revised and added to, there are now 29 serious reportable events that are grouped into 7 categories:

• Surgical or procedural events
• Surgery or other invasive procedure performed on the wrong body part
• Surgery or other invasive procedure performed on wrong patient
• Wrong surgical or other invasive procedure performed on a patient
• Unintended retention of a foreign object in a patient after surgery or other procedure
• Intraoperative or immediately postoperative/post procedure death in an American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I patient
• Product or device events
• Patient death or serious injury associated with the use of contaminated drugs, devices, or biologics provided by the health care
• setting
• Patient death or serious injury associated with the use or function of a device in patient care, in which the device is used
  for a function other than it was intended for
• Patient death or serious injury associated with intravascular air embolism that occurs while being cared for in the health care
  setting
• Patient protection events
• Discharge or release of a patient/ resident of any age, who is unable to make decisions, to other than an authorized person
• Patient death or serious disability associated with patient elopement
• Patient suicide, attempted suicide, or self-harm resulting in serious disability, while being cared for in a health care facility
• Care management events
• Patient death or serious injury associated with a medication error
• Patient death or serious injury associated with unsafe administration of blood products
• Maternal death or serious injury with labor and delivery in a low risk pregnancy well being cared for in a health care setting
• Death or serious injury of a neonatal associated with labor or delivery in a low risk pregnancy
• Artificial insemination with the wrong donor sperm or donor egg
• Patient death or serious injury associated with a fall while being care for in a health care setting
• Any stage 3, stage 4, or unstageable pressure ulcers acquired after admission/ presentation to a health care facility
• Patient death or serious disability resulting from the irretrievable loss of an irreplaceable biological specimen
• Patient death or serious injury resulting from failure to follow up or communicate laboratory, pathology, or radiology test
  results
• Environmental events
• Patient or staff death or serious disability associated with an electric shock during a patient care process in a health
  care setting
• Any incident in which a line designated for oxygen or other gas to be delivered to a patient contains no gas, wrong gas, or
  is contaminated by toxic substances
• Patient or staff death or serious injury associated with a burn incurred from any source during a patient care process
  in the health care setting
• Patient death or serious injury associated with the use of restraints or bedrails while being cared for in a health care
  setting
• Radiologic events
• Death or serious injury of a patient or staff associated with introduction of a metallic object into the MRI area
• Criminal event
• Any instance of care ordered by or provided by someone impersonating a physician, nurse, pharmacist, or other licensed health care provider
• Abduction of a patient/ resident of any age
• Sexual abuse/ assault on a patient within or on the grounds of a health care setting
• Death or significant injury of a patient or staff member resulting from a physical assault that occurs within or on the
  grounds of a health care setting

CMS in 2007 announced that in August 2007 that Medicare would no longer pay additional cost associated many preventable errors, this includes the never events. Never events are also being publicly reported, this is done to increase accountability and improving quality of care. This has made the incidents of never events almost nonexistent nationally since 2007.

Reference:

Bazzoli, F. (2008). Final CMS rule adds ‘never events’ that Medicare won’t pay for. Found at https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/final-cms-rule-adds-never-events-medicare- ….