Module one Project Preparation Worksheet

Precious Teasley

Southern New Hampshire University

IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity

22TW2

Professor Esther Johnstone

November 8,2022

Scenario

The Ebola outbreak in West Africa from 2013 to 2015 was the worst ever seen; it mostly hit the three neighboring nations of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. In terms of cases reported, Sierra Leone was the nation most severely impacted. The current study examines the outbreak in Sierra Leone. The epidemic was deemed a “public health emergency of worldwide concern” by the WHO in August 2014. Ebola spread quickly as a result of early warning systems, and the nation’s health system was unable to handle the enormous number of Cases (Richards, et al. 2020). In total, 14,124 Ebola cases including 3,955 fatalities had been reported to the WHO by March 2016; this was surpassing any other nation.

Population

Even more expensive than it is for adults, the WHO corresponds with the description of the potential Ebola virus in youngsters. For admission, children under the age of five simply need to exhibit one qualifying symptom. In late November 2014, 13/39 (or 33%) of the children admitted to the main hospital for children came back positive for the Ebola virus disease. As ebola virus infection incidence declined, this proportion rose (Fitzgerald, et al. 2016). This means that children could potentially be exposed to the nosocomial ebola virus sickness, and the effect on mortality for frequent diseases like malaria or sepsis is still unknown.

A.
Geographic Region:

i.
Size: the nation’s 71,740 km2 total area is made up of 120 km2 of water and 71,620 km2 of land.

ii.
Location: Guinea borders Sierra Leone to the north and east, Liberia to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

iii.
Climate: The area has a tropical climate, with hot, muggy weather at the shore and more temperate weather inland. The mean annual temperature is 26.7°C, and there are 2,746 mm of rain on average per year.

B.
Socioeconomic Profile:

i.
Capital City: Freetown

ii.
Major Districts or Territories: there are Four provinces as well as a western area, which includes the capital Freetown, which makes up Sierra Leone. That is; Western Area, Eastern Province, Northern Province, North Western Province, and Southern Province. There are sixteen administrative districts in Sierra Leone.

iii.
Income Standard: Low-income economies with the least development

iv.
Common Occupations: The primary industry for employment is still mining, although numerous ancillary industries are expanding alongside it.

v.
GDP Estimate: statistics GDP at $4.082 billion, growing at a rate of 3.8% in 2017 and 3.5% in 2018, and a rate of 4.8% in 2019e and 4.9% in 2020f.

vi.
Source of Funding for the Education System: Education system in Sierra Leone is supported by households’ informal donations, taxes, and fees along with the official national budget including off-aid, even though providing access to education is a fundamental responsibility of the state.

vii.
Source of Funding for the Healthcare System: The Sierra Leone Superior Essential Health Care services, as well as the Systems Support Project, is supported by a $20 million financing from Global Financing Facility and a $40 million grant from the Global Development Association (IDA)

Demographic Profile:

Birth
Rate: 4.08 births per woman

ii.
Aging Trends: average annual aging rate is around 1.51%

iii.
Death Rates: 11.483

3.
Prevalent Health Concerns: prevalent health concern of the Ebola virus is the capital city of Sierra Leone, a free town. In addition to the presence

4.
Social Determinants:

The factors in the surroundings where individuals are born, reside, learn, work, play, religion, as well as the age that have an impact on a variety of health, functional, and quality-of-life consequences and hazards are known as social determinants of health (Houéto, 2019).

Education: The country’s efforts to control the population through education have been hampered by community opposition, which has several root reasons. Medical anthropologists have well-documented fears and misconceptions about foreign diseases, as well as addressing the causes of why many people did not accept the existence of Ebola

ii.
Healthcare: The lines between “hot” and “low-risk” zones become hazy whenever a city experiences strenuous and prevalent transmission, as first occurred in Monrovia and afterward later in Freetown

iii.
Economic Stability: Most of the transportation of agricultural products to consumer areas was hampered by the Ebola epidemic. When the outbreak was at its worst, workers shied away from visiting hazardous situations, as well as the number of businesses fell by 20%.

iv.
Inequity: Slums swiftly developed into Ebola hotspots and disease hubs. Shantytown residents who contracted Ebola infected three times as many individuals as those in wealthy neighborhoods.

References

Fitzgerald, F., Awonuga, W., Shah, T., & Youkee, D. (2016). Ebola response in Sierra Leone: The impact on children. 
Journal of Infection, 
72, S6-S12. DOI:  10.1016/j.jinf.2016.04.016

Richards, P., Mokuwa, G. A., Vandi, A., Mayhew, S. H., & Ebola Gbalo Research Team. (2020). Re-analysing Ebola spread in Sierra Leone: the importance of local social dynamics. 
PloS one, 
15(11), e0234823. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234823

Houéto, D. (2019). The social determinants of emerging infectious diseases in Africa. 
MOJ Public Health, 
8(2), 57-63

1

IHP 501 Module Two Project Preparation Worksheet

Precious Teasley

Southern New Hampshire University

IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity

22TW2

Professor Esther Johnstone

November 20 ,2022

1

Worksheet for potential stakeholders that could support your humanitarian aid trip to Sierra Leon

Implementers

Stakeholder/Group	Description	Rationale for Inclusion
International Medical Corps (IMC)	This provides urgent support to those afflicted by conflict, disaster, and disease—regardless of where they are or what their circumstances are—and helps them to heal, rebuild, and acquire the knowledge and tools necessary to become self-sufficient.	In Sierra Leone, International Medical Corps is just one of a few numbers of international non-governmental organizations providing care for people with Ebola. International Medical Corps can assist put a stop to the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone and ensure the country’s health care system is resilient enough to prevent future outbreaks. Foreign Medical Corps is hard at work with both local and international partners to strengthen the health system so that individuals may get care for conditions unrelated to Ebola (Mallow et al.,2018).
Agency for International Development	To guarantee that essential socioeconomic and health services are available to people who need them as well and that Sierra Leone is resilient and ready to react appropriately to any public disasters, USAID will closely collaborate with the Government of Sierra Leone and other donors.	Aid from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Sierra Leone focuses largely on strengthening institutions that are accountable to and responsive to their constituents; easing rural poverty; promoting sustainable resource management; ensuring access to good health, sanitation, social protection and services; and improving the standard of primary education (Fenio et al.,2019).
Amnesty International	This is a worldwide organization that opposes prejudice and supports human rights, such as the right to adequate health care(Charman,2018).	Amnesty International will promote the adoption of some of the UPR recommendations and draw attention to cases where current laws and policies are violating human rights in Sierra Leone.

Decision Makers

Stakeholder/Group	Brief Description	Rationale for Inclusion
WYA	Their ideal society is one in which everyone is treated with respect and where policies and programs are built around the needs of individuals. In this world, development is achieved through a dedication to human dignity and the implementation of people-centered approaches.	Young people in Sierra Leone may benefit from the organization’s training not just in the prevention of Ebola epidemic but also in the early detection of other health issues. The Alliance has the resources and “language” to reach out to the young people of this country.
UN OCHA	OCHA seeks to rally and cooperate with the wide band of financing instruments, affiliates in order to ensure that humanitarian management and governance mechanisms at the national level are supported, and that the many humanitarian assistance financing mechanisms are coherent to one another and coherent with development finance.	With almost 14,000 incidents, over 3,500 deaths, and roughly 4,051 survivors, Sierra Leone is the worst hit nation by the Ebola virus illness. The country is already marked by multidimensional poverty, a short life expectancy, and a poor human development index (HDI). Sierra Leone was one of many nearby nations to see an increase in cases following the first case was discovered in Guinea early March 2014.

Participants

Stakeholder/Group	Brief Description	Rationale for Inclusion
USAID	The agency’s overseas development and philanthropic projects decreases poverty, bolsters democratic government, saves lives, and assists people in moving past aid.	The key goals of USAID’s aid in Sierra Leone are to enhance the quality of basic school, health care, water and sanitation, social protection, and governance. Other goals include lowering poverty and encouraging sustainable resource management. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) will collaborate Sierra Leone Government and other donors to make sure that those in greatest need have access to basic social economic and healthcare care and that the country is adaptable and ready to respond sufficiently to future public conflicts.
People In Need	Humanitarian assistance is supplied promptly and individuals are supported to get back to normalcy. More than 30 nations benefit from their organization’s efforts to promote education, aid the most disadvantaged, and back those fighting for human rights. The ideals of solidarity, mutual aid, and humanism.	People In Need have been providing support to assist the Sierra Leone government function more smoothly.
Doctors of the World	They serve anyone in need, no matter where they are or how long they will need care for. They are proud of the reputation they’ve earned for reacting to crises from inside, for reaching out to underserved communities, and for establishing permanent, sustainable medical facilities where society has traditionally lacked them.	Doctors of the World originally arrived in Sierra Leone in 2003 to provide basic healthcare as well as sexual and reproductive health programs.

Partners

Stakeholder/Group	Brief Description	Rationale for Inclusion
Friends of UNFPA	This is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to enhance women and girls lives around the globe by raising awareness and funds for UNFPA, the United Nations agency responsible for reproductive health and rights. The organization works in more than 155 countries to reduce the lack of access to family planning, maternal mortality, and violence against women and girls.	The maternal mortality rate in Sierra Leone has dropped dramatically despite the country’s recent civil war. Unfortunately, a significant number of maternal fatalities still result from teen pregnancies. UNFPA has been working in the nation since 1971, promoting midwifery programs, improved emergency obstetric and infant care, and the efficient administration of reproductive health commodities as means of bettering reproductive health care.
People In Need	Humanitarian aid is provided immediately, and people are helped to get back on their feet. They help people in over 30 different nations get an education, aid the impoverished and underprivileged, and support those who fight for human rights. Humanism, a commitment to helping others, and solidarity are all fundamental values.	This organization has been assisting in the strengthening of the Sierra Leone government.
Doctor of the World	In times of crisis or on an ongoing basis, they are there to provide medical care to anyone in need, regardless of where they may be. To them, it is a source of pride to respond to crises within, to reach out to marginalized communities, and to build long-term, sustainable health care in places that mainstream society would rather overlook.	In 2003, Doctors of the World started providing basic care and reproductive health and sexual health programming in Sierra Leone. A purpose-built treatment center that we established and managed in Moyamba was important in stemming the latest Ebola epidemic..

References

Charman, T. (2018). Sexual violence or torture?: The framing of sexual violence against men in armed conflict in Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reports. In Sexual violence against men in Global Politics (pp. 198-210). Routledge.

Danquah, L. O., Hasham, N., MacFarlane, M., Conteh, F. E., Momoh, F., Tedesco, A. A., … & Weiss, H. A. (2019). Use of a mobile application for Ebola contact tracing and monitoring in northern Sierra Leone: a proof-of-concept study. BMC infectious diseases, 19(1), 1-12.

Elston, J. W. T., Moosa, A. J., Moses, F., Walker, G., Dotta, N., Waldman, R. J., & Wright, J. (2016). Impact of the Ebola outbreak on health systems and population health in Sierra Leone. Journal of Public Health, 38(4), 673-678.

Fenio, K., M’Cormack-Hale, F., McGuinness, E., Hanciles, E., & Grant, A. K. (2019). USAID/SIERRA LEONE WOMEN EMPOWERED FOR LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT (WELD) PROJECT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION.

Forestier, C., Cox, A. T., & Horne, S. (2016). Coordination and relationships between organisations during the civil–military international response against Ebola in Sierra Leone: an observational discussion. BMJ Military Health, 162(3), 156-162.

Mallow, M., Gary, L., Jeng, T., Bongomin Jr, B., Aschkenasy, M. T., Wallis, P., … & Levine, A. C. (2018). WASH activities at two Ebola treatment units in Sierra Leone. Plos one, 13(5), e0198235.

IHP 501 Module Three Project Preparation Worksheet

Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. If needed, you can expand the outline to itemize your responses underneath the indicated topics.

Health Challenge Analysis

Clinical Presentation: [Insert text.]

Prevalence

Populations at Risk: [Insert text.]

Morbidity and Mortality: [Insert text.]

Prevalent Trends: [Insert text.]

Inequities

i. Socioeconomic Groups: [Insert text.]

Race/Ethnicity: [Insert text.]

Gender: [Insert text.]

Other: [Insert text.]

Other Determinants of Health

Environmental: [Insert text.]

Biological: [Insert text.]

Policy Evaluation: [Insert text.]

References

[Cite sources according to APA style.]