What is the difference between a Two Sample Hypothesis Test for Independent Samples and a Two Sample Hypothesis Test for Paired Samples?Define and give examples of how you might use each at your organization.

History 115—section 3277

Fall Semester 2019

Professor Oscar Cañedo

Guidelines for NACLA assignment #3

This is the third and final installment of the three NACLA Report on the Americas reviews that you will submit for this class. This review is to be at least 3-4 pages and this due date corresponds to Brazil and the Andean and “Southern Cone” nations (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru, etc.). Your reviews are due on Wednesday, November 25. Here are the links to the article tags from the NACLA website. Choose any article from the following options:

• Argentina

• Bolivia

• Brazil

• Chile

• Ecuador

• Paraguay

• Peru

• Urugua

  Please use both a title page and a works cited page (neither of these pages count toward your 3-4 pages of text).

In your works cited page, compose your article entry in a format like this:

Sean Purdy, “A Political Purge in Brazil,” NACLA Report on the Americas website (July 14, 2017).

Write a paragraph describing each article including references, so you should have two paragraphs one for each article

https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article/3/1…

https://www.mmc.com/insights/publications/2018/nov/global-cyber-terrorism-incidents-on-the-rise.html

Case Study 01 – Ford and Penske

 

Instructions

On May 10, 2012, the European Logistics Association (ELA) honored Penske Logistics and Ford Motor Company with the 2012 European Award for Logistics Excellence. The companies received the award for a joint case study submitted to the organization, which documented their close collaboration on the creation of an innovative “Network Integrator” concept developed by the two companies. Ford and Penske case study article Ford – Penske Logistic collaboration award article   Ford Motor Company and Penske Logistics Case Study Assignment: Develop a case study analysis of the Ford and Penske logistics relationship answering the following questions as a well constructed paper. Your paper should have a cover and reference page and include headings for each section of your paper including (1)  Ford Overview, (2) Case Background, (3) Penske Logistics Challenges, (4) Performance Improvement, (5) Analysis and Summary Provide an overview of Ford Motor Company Provide background into why Ford would have need to hire Penske Logistics and have them become an integral part of Ford’s logistics processes. What were some of the challenges Penske had to overcome? o How did Penske improve performance? Would you consider the integration of Penske into Ford’s operation successful? Why or why not?

Case Study 02a – Situation

 

This case study assignment will be divided into four (4) parts: (1) situation, (2) definition of issue, (3) analysis of the issue, and (4) recommendation.

Part A – Situation

Logistics management is that part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements (CSCMP, n.d.).

Logistics is evolving because of technological advances and the demands of society. With the rise of e-commerce, the entire cycle of business buyers and retail consumers have progressed from sourcing and online research to actual ordering and paying online. With this evolution, the e-consumers expect faster delivery times, which have implications for fulfilment and warehouse systems. These systems need to deliver product to consumers and also provide easy return methods (Cleary, & McLarney, 2021).

Logistics Integration. Globalization has brought fundamental changes to the business environment. In response to this change, an increasing number of firms have been seeking to develop strong relationships with their business partners (Kim et al., 2020). Many manufacturers have adopted strategic alliances with their supply chain members to take advantage of the economies of scale (Sambasivan et al., 2013). These entities have formed a collaborative partnership of sharing information, knowledge, resources, and competencies—an approach to strengthen the overall competitive position of the whole supply chain (Chen et al., 2017b). These close relationships that positively influence logistics and distribution performance in the downstream, which in turn leads to better supply chain performance (Kim et al., 2020).

In the logistics and SCM (Supply Chain Management) context, the term logistics integration can be defined as the degree to which a client firm strategically collaborates with its LSP (Logistics Service Providers) to manage its intra- and inter-organization processes (Flynn, et al., 2010).  In a network-based business environment, firms place a great level of strategic importance on logistics integration (Stock, et al., 2000). Chang and Ku (2009) pointed out that logistics integration is now an umbrella term that encompasses a wide range of inter-functional activities between the logistics and marketing department, IT department, and so on. Highly integrated logistics processes involve dynamically coordinated business processes both within and outside the organizational boundaries (Prajogo & Olhager, 2012).

The higher logistics integration between suppliers’ tasks the more competitive advantage will be achieved. Supply logistics integration involves establishing links between firms and suppliers to facilitate the flow of materials which reflect on having a smoother production process (Batarfi & Attia, 2021). Logistics integration lead to plentiful benefits that extends to both buyers and suppliers including improvement of product quality, reduction in cost and time response, and improving operational competencies.

Watch the following video.

Case Study 

Based on this integration and the inter-dependency of logistics in the supply chain, what has caused the supply shortages that have we have experienced this past year beyond COVID-19?

Assignment:

• Develop a review of a supply shortage, look at root causes, and possible solutions or ways to mitigate the condition.

Requirements:
This paper should be:

• Two pages, typed in Microsoft Word format (do not submit loose in Brightspace or Blackboard……it must be an attached submission).
• Follow proper APA 7th edition citation and documentation format for references.

References

Batarfi, S., & Attia, A. (2021). The effect of supply logistics integration n supply performance and competitive performance in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(15), 103-112.

Chang HH, Ku PW (2009). Implementation of relationship quality for CRM performance: acquisition of BPR and organisational learning. Total Quality Management 20(3):327–348.

Cleary, S., & McLarney, C. (2021). How Logistics Is Evolving: Why It Is Appropriate for Today and the Next Decade. IUP Journal of Supply Chain Management, 18(1), 7–24.

CSCMP (n.d.). CSCMP Supply Chain Management Definitions and Glossary. Council of Supply Chain Management Professional. https://cscmp.org/CSCMP/Educate/SCM_Definitions_and_Glossary_of_Terms.aspx.

Flynn BB, Huo B., Zhao X (2010) The impact of supply chain integration on performance: a contingency and configuration approach. Journal of Operations Management 28(1):58–71.

Kim, S. T., Lee, H. H., & Hwang, T. (2020). Logistics integration in the supply chain: a resource dependence theory perspective. International Journal of Quality Innovation, 6(1), 1-14.

Prajogo D, Olhager J (2012) Supply chain integration and performance: the effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration. International Journal of Production Economics 135(1):514–522.

Stock, G. N., Greis, N. P., & Kasarda, J. D. (2000). Enterprise logistics and supply chain structure: the role of fit. Journal of operations management, 18(5), 531-547.

 

 

Case Study 02b – Definition

Part B – Define the Issue

Present all the facts relevant to the topic in enough detail to allow the reader to understand your work. Differentiate fact from opinion.
The first job in a case analysis is to produce a clear and comprehensive statement of the issue(s) involved in the case. For this assignment you are to pick an issue (or related issues) and explain why you think they are the most important. The concern, problem, decision, challenge, or opportunity you decide to analyze needs to be clearly identified. The problem statement can start out with a general observation (e.g. “sales at xyz have dropped over the last six months”). You will further develop this statement with the second part of this issue statement should be what you are going to focus on or address (e.g.  “a major contributor to sales reduction is high sales staff turnover, leading to a loss of sale experience, established customer and xyz corporation relationships”).

Problem Definition

This section provides a brief overview of the problem you hope to resolve; what the existing situation is and why it is unsatisfactory. Your review should be from a systems perspective so that you can solve the root problem not a symptom. As in any problem solving process, if the problem is not clearly defined, the remainder of the process will be affected, lead astray by not focusing on primary issues. Once the problem is clearly defined, it becomes much easier to conduct an analysis and develop alternative courses of action.

Requirements:

This paper should be:

• One to two pages, typed in Microsoft Word format (do not submit loose in Brightspace or Blackboard……it must be an attached submission).
• Follow proper APA 7th edition citation and documentation format for references.

As noted, differentiate subjective comments (your opinion) from objective findings (substantiated  and documented facts).

 

Case Study 02c – Analysis

Part C – Analysis of the Case Data and Issues

Issues or opportunities you find in the case tend to have two parts, immediate and basic.

• Immediate issues refers to the specific decision, problem, challenge, or opportunity faced by the decision-maker in the case. Referring back to the xyz Corporation and their diminished sales example, the decision/remedy focus may be on increased sales; “to increase sales there are a number of options available to the organization”. Sales increase is therefore an immediate issue.
• Basic issues are larger and more generic in nature. They relate to the concepts, theories and models. For example, the organization may be focusing on money as the only means of creating a high performance work environment. Another could be that the product is in its decline stage without an organizational strategy for revitalization.

For the purpose of this project you are to focus on the immediate issues, while providing a short discussion of the basic issue(s).

Once you have defined the issues, it is important to determine cause and effect relationships of variables creating the problem. It is important that you think about events as well as relationships between people. You can usually see a cause and effect relationship by looking at one or more of six (6) categories of causes: (1) International/Global, (2) Equipment, (3) People, (4) Methods, (5) Materials, (6) Other.  The most frequent error in analysis is the failure to be specific about what the problem(s) are.

Another areas to analyze are constraints and opportunities presented in the case. This requires careful consideration since both constraints and opportunities are rarely clearly defined. Factors contributing to these categories include (1) International/Global, (2) Money, (3) People, (4) Materials, (5) Equipment, (6) Facilities, (7) Knowledge, and (8) Management systems.

You can approach your analysis using quantitative or qualitative assessment techniques. It is necessary to briefly explain why you selected your analytical approach.

Problem Analysis

This section requires answers to: (a) what do you see going on? (b) what is your analysis of the pathogens or root causes of the behavior or problem? (c) is there data to support your evaluation?

Alternative Courses of Action

This section allows you to stretch your critical thinking skills and provide a current view of problems and solutions.

Requirements:

This paper should be:

• One to two pages, typed in Microsoft Word format (do not submit loose in Brightspace or Blackboard……it must be an attached submission).
• Follow proper APA 7th edition citation and documentation format for references.

 

Case Study 02d – Recommendation

 

Part D – Recommendation (for Case Study)

This section brings your analysis together. In this section clarify what ACTIONS you would take in your case. Your ACTIONS must be supported by theories and models discussed in the text or your reading.

In this recommendation section, please remember:

• Do not repeat the text of the case itself (regurgitating what you have already said). It is the first step that can lead to failure.
• No excessive theorizing, expatiating, or verboseness; this can be another indicator of paper weakness as thoughts are not developed succinctly with focus and effectiveness.
• Provide analysis and recommendations that synthesize theory and evidence into sound suggestions.
• Do not leave out the executive summary and recommendations/solutions section; this is what case studies exist for.

Basically, there are two major ways how to write a case study: historical way and problem-oriented path:

• Historical approach is the evaluation of the situation that is already solved or closed. It is a kind of retrospective learning with purpose of preventing such cases in future.
• Problem-oriented approach deals with current situations that are in progress and so, in need of actual solutions and predictions of outcomes. There is no finite end to the situation, so it is all the more useful to explore; this approach suggests a solution and then compares with the actual outcomes.

Capstone Assignment – Final

Develop a final paper that will address the following objectives:

• Identifies and analyzes organizational problems and socially responsible opportunities to formulate recommendations for future course of actions for the company, organization, or industry you selected.
• Explain what team building skills are evident (or lacking) in this organization (if this is a relevant component of your case).
• (Important) Apply any applicable theories to understand the sources of organizational or industrial problems. Here you will need to ensure you include academic research related to the problems you have identified in this company.
• (Important) Describe how effectively this organization utilizes the functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) in addressing case issues.
• (Important) Summarize what you might change in this organization or if no change, what you would continue to do to ensure growth, (Put yourself in the shoes of this company’s management and use the case details to make decisions based on the protagonist’s (i.e. the central character; in this case) perspective. It is important to identify the protagonist’s roles and responsibilities. This information gives you an idea of the role to assume and the tactics you should recommend.

Paper Requirements

• Your paper should be well written including grammatical and syntax structure.
• Work should be submitted in Microsoft Word format (no MAC/Apple submissions).
• Do not simply submit your work typed out loosely in Brightspace or Blackboard; it must be in Word format.
• Well cited and documented references using APA (American Psychological Association) 7th edition format only.
• Separate cover and reference pages (content should separate from these two sections).
• Three (3) to 5 pages in length (excluding cover and reference pages).
• Depth of Analysis / Reflection.
• All required components of this section.
• Evidence of practice; shows strong evidence of synthesis of ideas presented and insights gained throughout the entire course.