The Central Artery Tunnel Project famously known as the Big Dig was the largest project ever undertaken in the United States, and for a project of this type, in the world. This week you will review the tremendous challenges of managing costs on the Big Dig and the underlying reasons why megaprojects commonly are underestimated and over budget. Respond to the following questions using your class readings, outside literature and class lectures and discussions.

1. How would you avoid the problems discussed in Chapter 7 of MM(attachment) of cost overruns? What cost estimating tools and controls would you utilize to prevent overruns caused by inflation? design development? political infighting?

2. What are your options once you identify the root causes of your budget overruns if you are midway through a major program?