Project – SPSS program
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Topic: impact of social media usage on companies business. 7000 word
A- Interdiction , conclusion.
B- references Harvard style
D- when you finish from my assignment i have to submit in turnitin and that website its looking or searching in my assignment words if i taken from any resource of ( internet, students , books, newspaper …) so you have be careful in that to not become higher then 5%
* please go though the question and follow the steps please.
* its should when you finish the research you have to do it in the SPSS i will attach the SPSS program. you have to instill its not uplod its must by email only
Chapter I: Introduction to the Research. 5
Research Aims and Objectives. 7
Chapter II: Literature Review.. 8
Meaning & Importance of the Topic. 8
Nature and Significance of Accounting. 8
Research Impact of Information Technology to Accounting. 9
Chapter III: Research Methodology. 12
Methods of Data Collection. 12
Participants and Sample Size. 13
Chapter 4: Findings and Recommendations. 25
This research on Oman LNG is dedicated to my family. In not only academic propositions but also in other aspects of my personal life my family has been a strong motivator and factor behind my success. I would like to acknowledge their significant contributions to all aspects of my growth and development.
Moreover, College of Banking and Financial Studies deserves much appreciation for the significant role that it plays in shaping the academic and professional development of students in Oman. I acknowledge the contribution made by College of Banking and Financial Studies especially to my research guide as well as my other academic professors and lecturers over the last few years.
Furthermore, the valuable contributions by the accounting and finance staff working across Oman LNG and the immense support in helping to carry out this research on influence of technology on accounting deserves acknowledgment and praise.
I also acknowledge the contributions of fellow students at College of Banking and Financial Studies who have also played an important motivational and guiding role during the conduct of this research study.
Technology has taken precedence and played a pivotal role with respect to developments in several different fields interconnected with the modern-day business environment. However, in all respects information technology continues to be one of the significant drivers of improvements within the business. The accounting function being one of the primary and most important and essential functions that not only has value and significance for business organizations but also for their several different stakeholders makes it one that is important and valuable. To this extent, a study was conducted at Oman LNG primarily with the intention of determining the extent to which information technology has influenced accounting processes at Oman LNG. The study was conducted with the help of a research question and given to accounting and financial professionals at Oman LNG. The responses indicated that to a large extent incorporation of information technology developments within the accounting field has brought about many important gains relating to speed, accuracy and flexibility of accounting processes at the same time the response is received at Oman LNG also confirmed that the organization had benefited in terms of security, backup as well as that the accounting processes that resulted in better quality of accounting as well as its reporting.
Chapter I: Introduction to the ResearchIntroduction
Information technology can be construed as an ever-changing force that is continually impacting upon the way in while majority of business actions, activities and functions are performed across all forms and types of business entities. It is interesting to note, information technology as a wide spectrum of business functions mainly in terms of digitizing and reducing human intervention required within the activities interconnected with several different business functions. Overall, it has always been determined that the increasing implications that arise through the application of modern-day information technology-based systems often end up significantly improving and expanding a program the important business functions making them much more accurate and in other cases much more efficient to be carried out within the scope of business activities of these companies (Britton & Waterson, 2010).
The accounting profession itself has witnessed several major implications that have arisen through the continued application and development of different forms of information technology-based systems during the last two decades. In fact, it is often remarked that the amount of tasks and activities that were capable of being of him by a large group of professional accountants is now significantly able to be initiated because of the influence of information technology only by a few or a single accountant doing the same amount of work and tasks. What’s more is that information technology has led to several different accounting developments existing processes and objectives of accuracy and efficiency when it comes to several of the accounting and bookkeeping processes that are being performed across modern day corporate organizations (Lim, 2013).
Other implications, arising from the nexus between information technology and accounting profession lies in the way in which it is permitted development of new forms of accounting such as those of forensic accounting etc. The automation that is available to such systems as often been exploited to create much more efficiency across the accounting tasks so as to further the value that can be generated from the accounting tasks and duties that they perform within the scope of their existing organizational roles as accountants.
Oman LNG, is an organization making significant investments in information technology and has been spending 3%-5% of annual revenues on modernization of its business functions through the support of ERP as well as other technological advancements. In particular Oman LNG management has often supported initiatives to increase and improve the application of information technology in the accounting department of Oman LNG.
Oman LNG is an organization that has significantly invested into information technology across all of its business functions that it carries out in Oman with regards to its main business of liquefied natural gas. While all of the functions performed at Oman LNG do enjoy its own level of importance the accounting profession in Oman LNG as well as with all business organizations stands out as an important function that is a well recognized as the very language of business and therefore the problem in this context is to determine in the case of accounting profession and processes at Oman LNG what exactly has been the effect that has been caused by development and application of information technology across the accounting profession at Oman LNG.
The implications and impacts brought about by information technology with respect to the accounting profession is one that is highly important in the modern business contacts given that the accounting profession has an important role which is very critical to fulfill the important aspects of conveying the most significant aspects regarding a corporate enterprises performance and position. Improvements that are necessitated and brought about by the application of information technology to the accounting profession are important to be understood by students of finance and accounting in order to better understand some of the important advantages brought about for the accounting profession by the application of IT to the field of accounting. Moreover, of between credit applications being made by corporate enterprises which seek to apply many forms of information technology in order to support the accounting processes such as the application of ERP and other software which nevertheless cost a lot of financial resources and time of the corporate enterprises it is important to understand whether or not they have a positive implications for the entity by positively assisting the accounting process. Moreover the study will make it clear for Oman LNG to understand whether this substantial application of IT across the accounting processes of the company are able to bring value to the accounting profession and accountants of the Oman LNG company.
- To evaluate the implications of information technology on accounting profession.
- To measure the influence of information technology on accounting at Oman LNG.
- To suggest recommendations to Oman LNG for better use of information technology to support accounting process and profession.
H0: Information technology has no effect on accounting process and profession at Oman LNG.
H1: Information technology has a positive impact on accounting process and profession at Oman LNG
Chapter II: Literature ReviewMeaning & Importance of the Topic
This topic is regarding accounting processes as well as accounting profession and the way in which it has continued to be influenced by the developments taking place with respect to information technology. In particular, the research topic mainly concerns accounting and whether there has been a positive or negative implication on the accounting process and profession from the relationship that it shares with information technology. This topic is highly important and relevant not only to students of accounting and finance but also for most business organizations including Oman LNG considering the vast amount of resources that are consistently required to be spent with respect to accounting technology through the implementation of either the accounting modules required for reporting or financial accounting purposes by corporate organizations. Therefore in order to evaluate whether such investments by the corporate enterprises are able to draw out value and benefits is of prime importance and concern and therefore the study at Oman LNG acquires meaning and significance.
Nature and Significance of Accounting
According to Libby et al. (2011) the basic purpose pertaining to the field of accountancy primarily relates to the concept of carrying out a large number of different processes in order to analyze and present different sets of economic data and transactions in a way that permits improved and enhanced understanding and learning.
Siegel & Shim (2012) identifies that the accounting process itself is capable of being classified into different formats and models each of which have their own value and significance as far as the need for different accounting information and data crisis in the context of each any every individual business requirements. At the same time they note that the accounting information itself becomes highly critical and valuable to the extent of facilitating the different business entities to understand economic related data and thereby proceed to achieve the different set of financial goals whether short run or long run for the business entities.
Waybright & Kemp (2012) clarify that in the modern economy accounting processes continue to expand in terms of their scope that extends not only to the business entities but also to the entire span of business and other professional aspects. They provide the several examples of developments within the accounting field such as HR accounting, environmental accounting etc. identifying that this was proof of the highly dynamic nature of accounting and its value to a large framework of stakeholders that are to benefit from the highly standardized means and techniques of accounting maintained and retained within the business entities.
Jones (2014) clarify that intrinsically the process of accounting can be seen to be one that is incorporating a series of systemized and sequential set of operations and steps that need to be undertaken in order to achieve a set of reporting that is able to provide value to a large number of users. However, more specifically points out that accounting is a subject and topic that mainly focuses with respect to accounting and financial information and values and to this extent those utilizing the accounting information need to be cautious about this particular features that are associated with accounting.
Williams (2013) further clarifies that it is highly essential for corporate organizations within the modern framework to focus on continuously developing and expanding scope of the accounting operations given the immense influence and value that it provides to a large set of users. At the same time they highlight some of the critical weaknesses of accounting in terms of limited perspectives as well as the scope for manipulations and other adjustments that are often made to the series of information presented.
Research Impact of Information Technology to Accounting
According to Lim (2013) directly identified and derived that the most logical aspects that could be identified with respect to accounting and technological implications were those related to the degree of speed as well as the degree of accuracy that they permitted within the accounting systems. They identify that in most modern the context the systems are allowing for the accountants to make easy modifications and applications almost immediately with all of the set of transactions being capable of being updated almost immediately therefore bringing a higher degree of accuracy within the contemporary accounting processes of organizations.
Williams (2010) identify the effect of flexibility being achieved by the accountants mainly through the application of relevant information technology within the scope of accounting processes given that modern-day information technology permitted the accountants to consider a wide range of different scenarios with respect to the accounting and reporting and processing which was previously not possible allowing the accountants and the accounting process to be modified to individually sued the operations and processes that were most applicable to the business entity itself.
Needles & Powers (2010) focused on the points that the information technology particularly with respect to cloud computing was increasingly making the tasks of accounting more able to be accessed on the part of the accountants from any given location. It was identified that the accounting itself was capable of being made more safe in terms of backup and storage which was highly essential given the critical nature of the accounting data and therefore they identified that the use of information technology with respect to accounting occurring in the form of cloud computing was highly valuable.
Ghasemi et al. (2011) point out that continues development with respect to information technology allow to accounting systems to be made much more functional in terms of adding several different additional functionality to the accounting systems. They identified that this was mainly permitted because several different additional modules could be specifically developed according to the accounting process or accounting needs of the firms such as those that would provide fixed asset depreciation and other Relations that were making it more accurate with respect to accounting process.
Davies & Crawford (2012) established that the degree and quality of accounting reporting had been increased to a large extent to the application of information technology that permitted a large amount of manipulations and formatting is that were able to be rigorously carried out mainly through the incorporation of accounting information systems for the given selection of modern-day enterprises.
Alves (2012) identifies that permission technology itself was largely instrumental in promoting more ability of the accountants to spend time with respect to important accounting processes rather than being concerned with trivial matters of accounting and calculations. It was identified that more and more techniques and methods were being applied with respect to the manner in which accounting can be used by companies for further growth and development and by this the accounting process was adding more and more value.
Williams (2013) establishes that modern-day information technology also allowed for incorporation of different accounting principles and practices in addition to the accounting rules and regulations that make it highly simple for accountants to ensure that the best practices were incorporated into their accounting processes and that the information that they presented were in due compliance with the requisite set of informational needs of several different parties that are involved in entering within the accounting process itself. At the same time he was identified that accounting and information systems were permitting greater degree of knowledge sharing among the accountants and were benefiting them on a professional level as well.
Chapter III: Research MethodologyResearch Design
The research on Oman LNG relates to the topic of the accounting profession and processes that are carried out at Oman LNG and the study is highly specific to the context of the implications brought about by IT as far as accountancy is concerned at Oman LNG. In line with the research objectives for the study on Oman LNG it is intended to describe the way and manner in which accounting profession and process at Oman LNG is being impacted upon by the application of IT and to this extent it will clarify whether or not there is a positive influence or no influence at all so this will be a descriptive study on Oman LNG and so it is feasible to use descriptive research design.
Moreover, in the case of the research on Oman LNG concerning information technology-accounting the use of quantitative approach along with the survey research methodology is most feasible to conduct the best possible research on Oman LNG regarding the research variables identified.
Primary Data: research on Oman LNG has to be conducted on participants knowledgeable about the accounting process and profession and for this purpose since there are larger number of persons at Oman LNG who are aware of this it is essential to use structured questionnaires to get the desired information from Oman LNG on how the application and implication of information technology takes place at this company. This will facilitate the study regarding Oman LNG to be quick and easy and also to be facilitating collection of large information about IT-accounting influence in a quick manner.
Secondary Data: the study relating IT and its application to accounting in Oman LNG is to consider similar variables that will be found out by evaluating and analyzing previous research regarding IT-accounting and corporate organizations using a wide selection of research journals from accountancy as well as accountancy textbooks that have dealt with the way and manner in which an influence is brought about on accounting in a broad possible manner.
The researcher to conduct the study regarding accounting-information technology interrelationship at Oman LNG mainly applies the processes of this research to gain ideas about the important variables regarding the way and manner of changes brought about by information technology application at Oman LNG and this will facilitate the formulation of the question at to be distributed to the respondents at Oman LNG. Subsequent to this abuse collected regarding accounting-information technology has to be analyzed using a wide selection of simple descriptive tools.
To ensure the research on Oman LNG is representative the participants are those who have knowledge on information technology as well as most importantly the accounting process and professions. For this purpose those individuals were interconnected with the accounting and finance department at Oman LNG are the direct participants of the study. In total at Oman LNG there are 110 employees who deal with accounts and finance across different business operations of Oman LNG. Out of these personnel using simple random sampling which is most feasible for Oman LNG-based research to be simple yet effective in terms of incorporating probability-based sampling a sample of 85 employees of Oman LNG out of the determined participant base of those interconnected with accounting and finance are appropriately chosen.
The information on Oman LNG is being collected regarding accounting process and profession as well as the way and manner in which information technology is used and applied with respect to the structured questionnaires and therefore responses can quite easily be used to determine in a simple manner the extent to which accounting-information technology share in interrelationship by using simple descriptive percentage-based responses that are collected from Oman LNG by the utilization of the research tool for accounting and finance-based staff at the entity.
The research regarding Oman LNG including accounting-information technology mainly involves accounting and finance professionals at Oman LNG and to this extent the information collected regarding IT-accounting process and profession may not be widely representative to the context of other organizations in Oman. Moreover, a research question at on the basis of percentage analysis and simple descriptive tools are being used and therefore statistics to validate the results regarding Oman LNG may not prove to be highly validated in terms of reliability of the study regarding Oman LNG. Also, there is a limitation on the scope of the research regarding Oman LNG to the extent of size and other dimensional constraints and therefore in-depth review of the relationships and its validation in the specific case of this research on Oman LNG may not be adequately possible.
The researcher on Oman LNG dealt with all Oman LNG staff in an ethical manner keeping them well informed about what exactly the nature of information on information technology-accounting process pertains to and why it is being collected. Respondents from Oman LNG would not put that any risks and were clearly informed about interrelationships and the use of the data without identifying any of the personal information regarding their employment at Oman LNG.
Q1]
Sampled accounting and finance professionals at Oman LNG indicated that 45% agreed largely that IT has significantly facilitated speed to be incorporated with the accounting processes that were currently undertaken at Oman LNG. At the same time 41% of selected accounting and financial respondents at Oman LNG did confirm that they strongly believed that speed was facilitated in the accounting processes at Oman LNG. This indicates 86% of sampled Oman LNG participants do confirm that under most scenarios a high degree of accuracy was being incorporated with respect to numerous advances that were facilitated under information technology and to this extent it does follow that this situation is true as seen in the case of Oman LNG.
Q2]
As far as accuracy is concerned at Oman LNG with respect to its accounting processes, the survey respondents comprising of accounting and financial professionals at Oman LNG did stipulate that 48% of them confirmed that the application of IT to accounting has been the source of incorporation of accuracy gains. At the same time 39% further confirmed that this was taking place at Oman LNG and therefore 87% of cumulative respondents at Oman LNG to confirm accuracy within accounting and IT developments were interrelated. To this degree it follows that the vast majority of participants participating at Oman LNG were mainly confirm that under most scenarios applying the developments in IT will be a source of making accuracy gains in the accounting process.
Q3]
Regarding the facilitation of greater flexibility in accounting and whether this was possible through the application of IT at Oman LNG, 48% of sample of accounting and finance professionals agreed quite a bit that greater degree of flexibility was facilitated in accounting processes due to the application of information technology and also at Oman LNG 45% confirmed that this was probably taking place, go to negative responses at Oman LNG were only 6%. Therefore it is seen that the regular developments and application of information technology is an important source for bringing about flexibility to take place within accounting systems of the company. On further analysis that Oman LNG was revealed that flexibility mainly takes place in the form of increased ability at Oman LNG to facilitate positive multitasking by the accounting and finance professionals.
Q4]
Regarding whether accounting at Oman LNG was being benefited to the extent of information technology adding on to additional features to the accounting system at Oman LNG, 37% responses from the accounting and finance professionals at Oman LNG stated that they agreed quite a bit on added functionality being incorporated into the accounting system, 35% agreed strongly on this matter. This indicates that in most of the cases incorporation of IT within the accounting systems is leading on to more and more substantial amount of developments that vastly facilitates better accounting systems with better additional features leading on to several benefits for organizations such as Oman LNG.
Q5]
concerning the aspect of whether the quality of accounting at Oman LNG was being improved upon by the information systems particularly with respect to a accounting and reporting it can be identified that 49% of responders agreed quite a bit that this was taking place at Oman LNG, at the same time 39% of the accounting and financial professionals at Oman LNG also further confirmed that this was probably taking place. At Oman LNG it therefore becomes clear that majority of the respondents and their viewpoints strongly confirm the positive influence on accounting as well as its reporting that has been mainly enabled through the application of information technology by the company. This is a significant aspect as it benefits many stakeholders at Oman LNG.
Q6]
Responses received at Oman LNG immediately clarifies several important and positive developments being facilitated by accounting and information interconnection because 47% of finance and accounting professionals that Oman LNG did confirm immediately that they agreed quite a bit that greater security as well as the backup of accounting data was increasingly permitted by the application of information technology at Oman LNG, 41% of the respondents at Oman LNG further confirmed this was true regarding accounting systems at Oman LNG however 7% disagreed but overall it is confirmed that from the major responses this condition regarding IT and greater security of accounting systems and processes is confirmed to be present at Oman LNG.
Q7]
Identifying, the degree and extent to which developments within the information technology systems had permitted Oman LNG to make greater customizations possible with respect to its accounting processes. 47% of respondents at Oman LNG a great quite a bit that this was taking place whereas 46% of the same accounting and finance professionals at Oman LNG also confirmed that this was facilitated at Oman LNG and therefore one of the most important aspects of application of information technology and accounting systems at Oman LNG is the stronger comments that it has allowed better customization to take place at Oman LNG.
Q8]
Determining the extent to which Oman LNG and its accounting processes had benefited with respect to developments in information technology and the positive aspects of security that this has enabled the accounting processes and systems that Oman LNG to have it were strongly confirmed by 92% of the respondents comprising of accounting finance professionals selected for the survey at Oman LNG. Out of this 40% of respondents within the accounting department of the company had confirmed that this was occurring at Oman LNG strongly whereas 52% of respondents at Oman LNG were adamant that they agreed quite a bit regarding beneficial developments with respect to access control and internal control from IT.
Q9]
On the matter of accounting systems and posses ability at Oman LNG, it is quite clear that numerous respondents did confirm that application of IT within the accounting systems of Oman LNG has been primarily responsible for bringing forward much developments and back to it can be done and achieved at the convenient cost feasible scale. At the same time it is confirmed that a majority of the respondents are also highly positive with respect to the important fact that not only does the IT systems facilitate much beneficial advantages with respect to accountancy but also it does so in a cost feasible aspect which is an important consideration for organizations such as Oman LNG.
Q10]
At Oman LNG, there was a unanimous response from 89% of accounting and financial professionals were working at Oman LNG that there was no drawbacks from the application of information technology and it accounting systems in modern organizations. This confirms that mostly there are several benefits being brought about to all business organizations including Oman LNG because the measure of the responses are strongly supportive to the fact that the more and more accounting is willing to information system the better and better advantages that can be facilitated and created for organizations such as Oman LNG.
Chapter 4: Findings and RecommendationsFindings
The entire project regarding Oman LNG was undertaken with the intentions of bringing out the way and manner in which influence from the information technology had on the accounting processes that Oman LNG. It was confirmed from the responses received that Oman LNG that the company’s accounting processes were significantly benefited with respect to additional speed being incorporated into the accounting processes, increasing the amount of accuracy with respect to accounting reporting and accounting transactions. It was also identified that greater flexibility within the accounting systems as well as for the accountants that Oman LNG was brought about by incorporation of information technology. Significant results of this study also confirmed that increase backup and safeguarding of vital and essential data and accounting information was facilitated by information technology and its application for the widget was also confirmed that information technology can be cost-effectively deploy across the organization that included the case of Oman LNG.
The following recommendations to Oman LNG are made:
Oman LNG needs to ensure that it gives importance and priority to information technology and its application within the accounting process as this is beneficial not only to Oman LNG but to the wide range of internal as well as external stakeholders who depend upon the accounting information and reporting which is importantly facilitated by the application of information technology at Oman LNG.
Oman LNG supposed to ensure that cost feasibility of accounting developments that are planned to the production of new information technology is done only after adequately considering the benefits and the costs that are involved. It is essential that Oman LNG should only consider important positive developments that are within the scope of its operations that Oman LNG at the same time are within the range of the budget of the organization.
It is also recommended that organizations such as Oman LNG continuously attempt to keep a track of modern developments with respect to information technology and identify the range and mankind with this would benefit the organizations when applied and therefore this will be of importance for Oman LNG to continuously ensure that it is gaining the advantages and benefits of information technology applied to accounting systems.
It is concluded that the implications and impacts brought about by information technology with respect to the accounting profession is one that is highly important in the modern business contacts given that the accounting profession has an important role which is very critical to fulfill the important aspects of conveying the most significant aspects regarding a corporate enterprises performance and position. Moreover it is concluded that in Oman LNG to a large extent incorporation of information technology developments within the accounting field has brought about many important gains relating to speed, accuracy and flexibility of accounting processes at the same time the response is received at Oman LNG also confirmed that the organization had benefited in terms of security, backup as well as that the accounting processes that resulted in better quality of accounting as well as its reporting.
Information technology application to accounting as enabled greater speed to be incorporated into accounting processes performed at Oman LNG.
Information technology application to accounting as enabled greater accuracy to be incorporated into accounting processes performed at Oman LNG.
There is an increased degree of flexibility incorporated into accounting process at Oman LNG due to application of IT
Additional functionality is added to current accounting systems at Oman LNG to the developments in information technology.
Do you feel that the quality of accounting and reporting at Oman LNG is improved due to the application of information technology.
Greater security and backup of accounting data at Oman LNG is possible due to the developments and application of information technology.
Do you feel that developments in IT have facilitated greater scope for modifying and customizing accounting systems at Oman LNG.
Accounting systems at Oman LNG are benefited from developments in IT primarily with respect to access control and internal control
Do you feel that the costs associated with applying information technology into accounting system is feasible for organizations.
Do you feel that there are any drawbacks of information technology being applied increasingly to accounting systems.
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Britton, A., & Waterston, C. (2010). Financial accounting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Davies, T., & Crawford, I. (2012). Financial accounting. Harlow, England: Pearson.
Ghasemi, M., Shafeiepour, V., Aslani, M., & Barvayeh, E. (2011). The impact of Information Technology (IT) on modern accounting systems. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 112-116.
Jones, M. (2014). Financial accounting. West Sussex : John Wiley
Libby, R., Libby, P. A., & Short, D. G. (2011). Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Lim, F. P. C. (2013). Impact of Information Technology on Accounting Systems. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology.Vol.3, No.2, December (2013), pp. 93-106
Siegel, J. G., & Shim, J. K. (2012). Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Waybright, J., & Kemp, R. S. (2012). Financial accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall.
Williams, J. R. (2013). Financial accounting. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
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